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Acervulus (pl. acervuli). An erumpent, cushion-like mass of hyphae having conidiophores and conidia, and sometimes setae, characteristic of the Melanconiales.
Aecium (pl. aecia). A cup-shaped fruiting body (aecial cup) of rust fungi which produces aeciospores.
Aeciospore. A binucleate rust spore produced in an aecium.
Aestivation. Dormancy during a warm or dry season.
Apical. Situated at the apex.
Autoecious. Completing the life cycle on one host (especially of rust); cf. heteroecious.
Chlamydospore. Thick-walled terminal or intercalary asexual spores formed by modification of a previous cell.
Chlorosis. Absence (partial or complete) of normal green color.
Chlorotic. Related to chlorosis.
Comovirus. Members of this group have isometric particles around 25-30 nm in diameter and a bipartite genome. Several members are transmitted by leaf-eating beetles.
Conidial stage. Asexual stage of a fungus with any hyphal structure bearing condia.
Cucumovirus. Members of this group have isometric particles around 30 nin in diameter and are transmitted by aphids in the nonpersistent manner; the viral genome is made of three RNA segments.
Diapause. Period of arrested development and reduced metabolic rate; period of dormancy not immediately referable to adverse environmental conditions.
Dicotyledonous. Describes a plant with two seed leaves.
Ectoparasite. A parasite feeding in a host from the exterior.
Edaphic. Resulting from or influenced by the soil rather than the climate.
Elytra. Thickened, leathery or horny forewings, common in Coleoptera.
Flexuous. Wavy.
Heteroecious. Undergoing different stages in two unlike hosts as in theuredinales; cf. autoecious.
Host diffusate. Substance diffused by the root of a host.
Hyaline. Clear, lacking dark pigment.
Interveinal chlorosis. Yellowing of the leaf area between the veins.
Larva (pl. larvae). The immature stage between egg and pupa in an insect with complete metamorphosis; an immature stage differing radically from the adult.
Leaf axil. The angle between a leaf and the axis from which it arises.
Lesion. Localized area of diseased or disordered tissue.
Luteovirus. Members of this group have virus particles around 25 nm in diameter, not mechanically transmitted, but transmitted by aphids in the persistent manner.
Multivoltine. Producing several generations per season.
Mycelium (pl. mycelia). The hypha or mass of hyphae that makes up the body of fungus.
Necrosis. Death of plant cells, especially when resulting in darkening of the tissues; a common symptom of fungus infection.
Necrotic. Related to necrosis.
Neonate (adults). Freshly emerged adults of the new generation.
Oomycetes. A fungus that produces oospores; a subclass of Phycomycetes.
Oospore. A sexual spore produced by the union of two morphologically different gametangia (oogonium and antheridium).
Perfect stage. The state of the life cycle in which spores (such as ascospores and basidiospores) are formed after nuclear fusion or by parthenogenesis.
Perithecial. A stage in which the sub-globose or flask-like ascocarp of the Phyrenomycetes is formed.
Polyphagous. Feeding on many hosts.
Potyvirus. Members of this group have flexuous filamentous particles mostly 730-790 nm long and transmitted in nature mostly by aphids in the nonpersistent manner.
Pronotum. Dorsal plate of prothorax (first segment of thorax).
Pupa (pl. pupae). A stage between larva and adult in an insect with complete metamorphosis; a nonfeeding and usually inactive stage.
Pycnidium. The fruiting body of the sphaeropsidales, frequently globose or flask like.
Sclerotium (pl. sclerotia). (1) A resting body of variable size, composed of a hard mass of hyphae with or without host tissue, usually with darkened rind, from which fruit bodies, stromata, conidiophores or mycelia may develop; (2) the firm resting condition of the plasmodium of Myxomycetes.
Sporangiospores. The asexual spores of oomycetes and zygomycetes, produced within a sac known as sporangium.
Systemic. (1) Of a plant pathogen, occurring throughout the plant; (2) of a chemical, absorbed into the plant growth through root or foliage, and translocated elsewhere in the plant.
Telium (pl. telia). The fruiting structure in which teliospores are produced.
Teliospores. The sexually thick-walled resting spores of the rust and smut fungi.
Thorax. Body region behind the head, which bears the legs and the wings.
Univoltine. Producing only one generation per year (cf. multivoltine).
Uredium (pl. uredia = uredial pustules). The fruiting structure of the rust fungi in which uredospores are produced.
Uredospores. Binucleate, repeating spores of the rust fungi.
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